Method and apparatus for cutting panels

ABSTRACT

The method and apparatus for efficiently cutting accurately sized panels in an unlimited combination of sizes and shapes from larger sheets. The sheets are automatically counted and stacked on a gauge table, the stack is clamped by jaws which establish a reference line relative to a cutting station, and the stack is advanced along the table for accurately dimensioned rip cuts. One or more of these cut stacks are then moved on a rip run-out unit to a cut-off infeed and gauge table where they are automatically aligned, clamped to establish a second reference line, and accurately advanced to a cut-off station where cross-cut sawing produces finished panels. The stacks are moved and gauged by either digital or analog hydraulic servo motors which accurately position the reference lines relative to the saw stations by controlled deceleration of the load to stop the stacks. At each saw station holddowns prevent sheet displacement as the saw traverses. Each saw automatically senses cutting load and returns to its initial position immediately upon finishing a cut. Linear saw speed is controlled as a function of saw load. Means are provided to automatically remove trim and scrap.

States Patent Carnhell Oct. 30, 1973 1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTINGPrimary Examiner-Harrison L. Hinson PANELS Attorney-Parker, Plyer andMcEachran [75] inventor: James W. Campbell, Fort 1 Worth, Tex. U M g[57] ABSTRACT [73 I Assignee: 1131mm City State Bank, Fort The methodand apparatus for efficiently cutting accuw th T rately sized panels inan unlimited combination of sizes and shapes from larger sheets. Thesheets are au- [22] Flled' Sept 1970 tomatically counted and stacked ona gauge table, the {2] A L NO 71,103 stack is clamped by jaws whichestablish a reference Related U.S. Application Data line relative to acutting station, and the stack is advanced along the table foraccurately dimensioned rip 1 1 Division Of 305,943, 1969, Pat. cuts. Oneor more of these cut stacks are then moved 31662793- on a rip run-outunit to a cut-off infeed and gauge table where they are automaticallyaligned, clamped [52] US. Cl. 83/104 R, 33/783 R to establish a Secondreference line, and accurately [51] Int. Cl B2611 7/06 advanced to acutoff station where Crosswut sawing [58] Field of Search 143/49 R, 49A-49 H, produces fi i h d Panem The Stacks am moved and 143/47 47 47 E;144/245! 245 245 gauged by either digital or analog hydraulic servo mo-326; 83/29 788 tors which accurately position the reference linesrelative to the saw stations by controlled deceleration of [56]References Cited the load to stop the stacks. At each saw station holdUNITED STATES PATENTS downs prevent sheet displacement as the saw tra-3,570,561 3/1971 Frodermann 143 47 c x verses Each Saw automaticallySenses Cutting load and 3,242,954 3/1966 Schikofsky 143/52 R returns toits initial position immediately upon finish- 3,386,481 6/1968Sma11..,.. 143/33 ing a cut. Linear saw speed is controlled as afunction 2,397,974 4/1946 Marrow 143/46 F of saw load. Means areprovided. to automatically re- 1,693,521 11/1928 Leash 143/52 A movetrim and Scrap 1,881,954 10/1932 Payzant 143/33 2,945,517 7/1960 Soweret a]. 143/47 E 1,816,485 7/1931 Johnson 143/49 R 2,160,307 5/1939Cleveland 143/33 17 Claims, 30 Drawing Figures 2,730,144 1/1956 10a143/49 R 2,935,101 5/1960 Wheeler 143/46 F w a 4 /Z/4 42;. 1 440 n N 1 ig a a PATENTEDucr a 0 1975 SHEET E10F13 PATENIEDnmao m SHEET C30F 13PATENTED 0m 3 0 I975 SHEET USUF 13 PAIENIEDncI 30 I973 SHEET OBUF 13PATENTED um 30 I975 SHEET 110F113 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTINGPANELS This application is a division of copending application Ser. No.805,943, filed Feb. 17, 1969.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the production ofcut-to-size panels from sheets of material and more particularly relatesto the method and apparatus for cutting accurately dimensioned panels inan unlimited combination of sizes and shapes in fully automatic,efficient steps.

The invention provides a superior method of producing accuratelydimensioned cut-to-size parts from larger sheets of particleboard,hardboard, plywood, and related panel materials. Panels of this typewould find use in many applications, as for example in fumiture making,home buliding, T.V. and radio cabinet production, and the like.

Present practice is to roughly cut sheets of the material intoover-sized panels which may be shipped to the mensions. This means thatthe manufacturer must provide costly cutting equipment and manpower forthe finishing operations. The present invention eliminates the need forfinishing by the manufacturer since the supplier can produce panes ofthe exact dimensions specified, and guarantee the results.

Conventional cutting equipment is not fully automatic in that singlepanels are manually set-up and clamped, after which a gang of saws aremoved across the sheet. Following this, the panels are again set-up bythe operators for rate cut-off operation. The present invention is muchmore efficient in that sheets are stacked and simultaneously cut toincrease output, and virtually no time is required for set-up. Also,only one operator is required to run the machine since the panels aremoved from station to station and gauged for cutting in a fullyautomatic operation.

The extreme accuracy obtainable with the invention not only reduces theneed for finishing operations but also reduces the trim and scraplosses. By carefully selecting the patterns cut from the sheeta maximumnumber of panels may be made from a given squarev of stock withoutwaste. Once this is set-up the machine can automatically reproduce thevarious cutting operations in the same sequence an unlimited number oftimes. Alternatively, the operator can readily adjust the controlcircuitry and selectively alter the pattern cut from the sheets so thatthe dimensions and shapes of the end product may be varied in anymanner. There is no machine down-time in order to change one cut patternto another.

Productivity is further increased as a result of saw sensing controlswhich automatically return the saw after completing a cut, no matterwhat the sheet width may be, so that sawing time is reduced.

The invention will produce panels with improved finished part quality,particularly in terms of smoothness of cut. A factor in this is theautomatic control of linear saw speed as a function of load as well asstack cutting.

The machine comprises a number of integrated units performing a seriesof stacking, gauging, ripping, and cross-cutting operations. The unitsare arranged along a pair of perpendicular axis. The infeed, stackingand rip cutting operations are performed along the first axismanufacturer for further trimming to the finished diand thecross-cutting operation produces the finished panels along the secondaxis.

The stock of sheet material is first placed on a charging roll unitwhich delivers it to a stack infeed station. At the stack infeed thesheets are counted and moved onto a gauge unit for the rip operation,either singly or in a stack. The stack infeed can either pick off apredetermined number of single sheets to form a stack, or else push astack of predetermind height across a gate onto the gauge table. Thepusher moves this stack by means of an hydraulic motor which has astroke comprised of two variable velocities: a rapid, initial velocitywhich is maintained during most of the travel for machine efficiency,and a slow final velocity to bring the stack to a stop at an accuratelocation without sliding.

At the gauge table clamp arms grip the stack to se curely hold thesheets togvther, and the stack is then indexed towards a rip saw unitthrough predetermined distances according to the pattern to be cut. Eachtime the stack is moved to a stop the driving motor is decelerated at anoptimum rate for accurate positioning and to eliminate drive trainovershoot.

The clamps establish a reference line with respect to either saw unit sothat before each cut the clamps and reference line are advanced apredetermined distance. This positions the stack so that the sawunitwill then cut off a stack of panels having common widths equal tothe predetermined distance.

The clamps are of the caliper type adapted to float on their supportingcarriage unit so that clamp carriage weight is not transferred to thepanel stack.

At either the rip or cross cut saw units automatic hold-downs areprovided to press the stack against the gauge table as the saw, movingfrom underneath, makes its out through the material. The hold-downs areoperated by pairs of hydraulic cylinders connected in a hydrauliccircuit such that opposite sides of each hold-down are powered up inparallel and down in series.

At the junction of the two mahine axes a rip runout unit is provided toreceive material cut by the rip saw. This unit is adapted to either feedtrim and scrap from the machine in one direction, or to reverse itselfand feed the panels to the cross-cut saw along the second axis. As thepanels move onto the: second gauge. infeed they are automaticallyaligned by a movable fence.

The cross-cut operation is performed with a gauge unit substantiallyidentical to the first axis equipment but with a plurality of belts onthe gauge table to move the panels into position for clamping. Thepanels are clamped together and advanced toward the saw for accuratelydimensioned cross-cutting. At the cross-cut location hydraulicallyoperated hold-downs operate in a manner identical to the first axishold-down unit.

As the finished panels move away from the cross-cut saw the scrap willautomatically fall through an adjustable slot in the table for removalto either side of the machine by an endless belt.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a panelcutting machine incorporating features of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view in schematic form illustrating the flow ofmaterial through the units of the machine;

FIG. 3 is an elevation view of asection of the machine illustrating aportion of the charging roll unit, the stack infeed, and a portion ofthe gauge unit;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the stack infeed of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of FIG. 4 on anenlarged scale;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view to an enlarged scale taken along line 6-6 ofFIG. 5 illustrating the pusher assembly for the stack infeed;

FIG. 6a is a partial view of the pusher assembly of FIG. 6 illustratingsingle panel infeed;

FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 illustrating a modified pusherassembly adapted for single panel infeed;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view to an enlarged scale taken along line 8-8 ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 9 is an elevation view illustrating the relationship of the stackinfeed, gauge unit, rip saw unit and rip run-off showing the pusherassembly moving a stack;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 9 il-.

lustrating indexing of a stack to a sawing operation;

FIG. 11 is a side elevation view of the rip saw illustrating movement ofthe saw and carriage along the work piece;

FIG. 12 is a side elevation view, partially broken away, of a typical.hold-down unit at a saw location;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along the line 13-13 of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a top plan view of the rip-saw, rip run-out, and a portion ofthe cut-off infeed unit;-

FIG. 15 is a top plan view similar to FIG. 14 and to a reduced scalediagrammatically illustrating movement of the work material through themachine;

FIG. 16 is a top plan view similar to FIG. 15 of the cut-off infeedillustrating movement of the work material;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged side elevation view illustrating alignment of thework material on the cut-off infeed by snubbing action of the clamps;

FIG. 18 is a side elevation view as viewed along line 18-18 of FIG. 14illustrating the drive arrangement for the rip run-out and cut-offinfeed.

FIG. 19 is a side elevation in partial section of the output end for thecut-off infeed drive;

FIG. 20 is a detail side elevation view on an enlarged scale of theoutput end for the cut-off infeed drive;

FIG. 21 is an elevation view in section taken along line 21-21 of FIG.19 on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 22 is an end elevation view in section on an enlarged scale takenalong line 22-22 of FIG. 15 showing the four-bar work alignmentmechanism;

FIG. 23 is a side elevation view of the gauge unit, cross-cut sawstation, and scrap discharge for the cutoff operation;

FIG. 24 is an enlarged side elevation view of a portion of the gaugeunit of FIG. 3;

FIG. 25 is a top plan section view on an enlarged scale taken along line25-25 of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is an enlarged elevation view, partially sectioned, of the scrapdischarge unit of FIG. 23;

FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating the control circuit for a typicalhold-down unit of FIGS. 12 and 13;

FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating the control and operation of the servomotors for the gauge carriage; and

FIG. 29 is a graph illustrating operation of the servo motors of FIG.28.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the drawings and particularly FIG. 1,the preferred embodiment of the panel cutting machine is illustratedgenerally at 10. Machine 10 comprises a charging roll unit 12, a stackinfeed section 14, a fist gauge unit 16, a rip saw unit 18, a riphold-down 19, a rip run-out 20, a cut-off infeed 22, a second gauge unit24, a cross-cut saw unit 26, a cross-cut hold-down 27, and a cut-offscrap and finished panel discharge unit 28.

A panel cutting operation is initiated by depositing stacked sheets ofwork material on charging roll unit 12 by means of a forklift truck,conveyor, or other suitable means. The work material may beparticleboard, hardboard, plywood, and other related panel materials.

Machine 10 is adaptable for cutting work material of a variety of sizesand thicknesses into finished panels of any desired dimensions with ahigh degree of accuracy. As shown in FIG. 2 the work material depositedat charging unit 12 is serially conveyed along axis Y for counting,stacking, clamping and gauging for transverse rip sawing into panelsections. Excess trim from this sawing is then dischargedaway from themachine and the panel sections are conveyed at right angles along axis Xfor alignment, clamping, gauging and cutoff sawing with automatic scrapdischarge as the finished panels move from the machine.

CHARGING ROLL UNIT 12 Referring to FIG. 3 a portion of the charging rollunit 12 is illustrated in greater detail. This unit comprises a frame 30supporting a plurality of spaced, powerdriven rollers 32. A suitablemotor 34 and drive train 36, which may be of the link-chain or belttype, simultaneously drive the rollers under control of a suitablecentral control system, not shown. The stacked sheets of work materialplaced on unit 12 are then driven across idler roller 38 into stackinfeed 14. The charge of work material moved into the infeed may be ofany given number of sheets but typically would be sufficient forcharging the machine with a number of stacks, depending upon sheetthickness, for continuous sawing operation.

STACK INFEED 14 is indicativ Stack infeed 14 provides a combinationsingle or multiple panel infeed function. Single panels may beautomatically counted off from the charging stack and moved onto gaugeunit 16, or else a stack of predetermined height can be moved as a unit.Either method will feed a predetermined number of stacked sheets forsubsequent cutting operations, and thus may be automatically varied bythe control system according to the number of finished panels desired.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 stack infeed 14 includes an elevator assembly40 working in coordination with pusher unit 42. The elevator assemblycomprises a platform 44 mounted for vertical movement along fourupstanding columns 46, 48, 50, 52 mounted on a suitable foundation. Aplurality of spaced-apart rollers 54 are mounted within the elevatorassembly. Rollers 54 are simultaneously driven by a suitable motor 56and drive train 58 to move the work material forward over the platformintimed relationship with charging roll unit 12. The rollers, motor, anddrive train are preferably mounted for vertical movement with platform44, although it could be otherwise with these components suitablyanchored to the machine frame or foundation between columns 46-52 andwith lateral slots in the platform surface exposing the roller tops.

Elevator is powered up and down by means of threaded shafts rotatablymounted adjacent each column. Each shaft threadably engages respectivenuts 62 secured to the corners of platform 44. The threaded shafts andelevator may be powered by any suitable means, preferably a pair ofelectric motors 64 and 66 geared to laterally extending drive shafts68,70. The drive shafts are connected directly through suitable gearingwith each shaft in columns 46, 52 and through a pair of chain drives 72,74 and bevel gearing with each shaft in column 48, 50.

Motor 66 is connected with drive train 76 to move elevator 40 down andmotor 64, which preferably has a higher power capacity, is connectedthrough couplings 78 to drive the elevator up, both motors beingcontrolled in timed relationship with pusher assembly 42 to move apredetermined number of sheets resting on the elevator into the properelevation to be moved forwardly onto gauge unit 16. Although a pair ofelectric motors are shown, it is understood that other types of motivepower means could be used to elevate the work material in the mannerdescribed.

Pusher unit 42 is illustrated in FIGS. 3-7 and comprises a plurality oflaterally spaced pusher assemblies 80 mounted on a pair of side-by-sidecarriages 82, 84 which in turn are mounted for traversing movement alongthe length of overhanging frame 86. Although a pair of carriages 82, 84are illustrated, the number employed in any particular design woulddepend on the number of pusher units and maximum sheet width capacity.

Overhanging frame 86 comprises four U-section beams 88, 90, 92 94secured at opposite ends by suitable braces 96, 98 and at intermediatelocations to columns 46-52, with cross-bracing provided by a pair ofbeams 100, 102. The overhanging ends of frame 86 are suspended frombeams 100, 102 by means ofa plurality of cables 104. A platform 105mounted above beams 100, 102 is provided to mount the motors and drivearrangement for elevator 40. A trolley rail or track 107 is mounted ineach of the beams 88-94 lengthwise of the frame.

Each carriage 82, 84 comprises a frame or platform 0 mounted to rollalong frame 86 by means of a plurality of grooved wheels 108 rotatablymounted to platform 106 and guided along rails 107. Traversing movementof pusher unit 42 is controlled by operation of motor 110 and drivetrain 112 mounted at the forward end of frame 86 and functioning intimed relationship to elevator operation in accordance with thepredetermined program. As illustrated in FIG. 4 motor 110, whichpreferably is a conventional rotary hydraulic motor powers countershaft114 through drive train 112 and sprocket 6. Rotation of countershaft 114traverses pusher unit 42 forward and backward by a suitable drive train,preferably a plurality of link chains 118 trained between drivesprockets 120 and idler sprockets 121, with the free ends of the chainsanchored by suitable means to the pusher units, as illustrated in FIG.6.

Each pusher assembly 80 comprises a pusher arm 122 pivoted at 124 to abracket 126 depending from and bolted to pusher platform 106. Aplurality of such pusher assemblies are provided at laterally-spacedpositions 128, 130 along each of the carriages 82,84. Although only onesuch assembly 80 is illustrated in FIG. 5 for clarity.

Pusher arms 122 are pivoted downwardly by means of springs 132 eachconnected between stop bar 134 on the carriage and the rearward portionof the arm. Each arm may be secured upwardly in an inoperative position,illustrated by dashed lines, with a pin or bolt inserted through hole135 in bracket 126 and a registering hole, not shown, in the arm. Thiswould be desirable where one or more of the arms are not needed, as whenthe sheet width is less than the maximum capacity of the machine.

When pusher unit 42 is at its maximum rearward travel indicated in FIG.3 pusher arm 122 moves downwardly to an extent determined by means ofadjustable cap screw 136 between stopbar 134 and the arm. Thisadjustment prevents the arm from hitting gate 144, illustrated in FIG.3, during infeed operation. A stop bar 137 may be mounted on arm 122with an adjustable stop or cap screw 139 engaging the top of stack 140.This determines the extent that forward face 138 of the arm projectsbelow the stack. The elevator in turn elevates the stack so that apredetermined height thereof extends above upper edge 142 of gate 144.Gate 144 forms the forward wall of gauge unit 16 so that the stackheight extending above gate edge 142 is moved directly onto the top ofgauge unit 16 by the pusher unit as it moves forward. This strips offthe desired number of sheets. Gate 144 is vertically adjustable bysuitable means, such as a slot and bolt arrangement, to accuratelyposition it relative to the elevator.

After pusher unit 42 reaches the extent of its forward travel on frame86 to move the material stack to a stop on the gauge table the'controlunit reverses motor 110 to return the pusher unit to its rearwardposition for the next feeding cycle. At the same time elevator 40indexes upwardly a predetermined height to position the next workmaterial for charging.

For relatively large panels, on the order of from A to 2 inches inthickness, measurement of stack height above gate edge 142 is accurateenough to determine the number of sheets which the pusher arm will stripoff as a unit for feeding. .On thinner panels, on the order of from V8to inch in thickness, it has been found expedient to feed a single panelat a time from the elevadraulic motor 110 by an abrupt opening of itsvalve control to develop the highest force ,for the tire static frictionat the instant the sheet is to'start sliding from the stack. This abruptstart overcomes the static friction between the top and second sheetssince the combined friction of the rubber tires is many times greaterthan the friction of sheet on sheet. Clutch 147 operates to freelyrotate the wheel as it moves rearwardly over the stack and returns forstripping off the next sheet. As each sheet is stripped off, spring'132pivots arm 122 to provide pressure on roller 145 and increase tirefriction against the sheet.

A ramp 151 is secured to the underside of each arm 122. The ramppreferably comprises a metal strip welded to the arm with a ramp surface153 inclined downwardly and forwardly to a position just clearing thebottom of wheel 145. As each sheet is stripped off roller or wheel 145will drop from the leading edge of the stack while arm 122 pivotsdownwardly. During rearward return of the pusher unit ramp surface 153contacts the front edge of the next sheet on the stack and guides thearm upwardly until the wheel makes contact. The ramp insures that thewheel contacts the top sheet at a relatively small angle with respect tothe vertical. Otherwise the wheel could strike the sheet with such forcethat it would be displaced to the rear.

To insure effective frictional contact between wheels 145 and the stackmeans are provided to continually remove any dust material which maycollect. Preferably this comprises a pair of brushes 155, 157, such asnylon bristle brushes, mounted on arm 122. Brush 155 is positioned towipe dust from the wheel while brush 157 clears the wheel path as thewheels roll back over the stack.

FIG. 7 illustrates a modification which provides positive strippingaction for single panel feeding. A pusher tang 146 is pivotally mountedat 148 to arm 122. An adjusting cap screw 149 is mounted at the forwardend of the tang for engagement with a laterally extending dowel 150secured to arm 122. A supporting roll or wheel 152 is rotatably mountedon the arm at 154 to carry it over the upper surface of material stack156. Adjustment of cap screw 149 will selectively vary the extent oftang 146 overhang below wheel 152 to compensate for variations in sheetthickness.

For single panel feeding stop bar 137 may be removed from arm 122, asdesired.

As the pusher unit of FIG. 7 advances the tangs 146 of each pusherassembly will engage the rearward edge of the top sheet and move itforward for deposit onto the top of gauge unit 16. As the pusher unitreturns the tangs 146 pivot upwardly upon engaging the stack, and

- wheel 152 rolls over the surface of the top sheet. When the pusherunit returns to its initial rearward position the tangs will clear threar edge of the stack and drop down for engaging the next sheet. Thiscycle is repeated a predetermined number of times until the desirednumber of sheets are deposited on the gauge unit. As required, elevator40 may be indexed upwardly a height sufficient to position the stack forthe feeding cycles.

After the desired number of sheets are on the gague unit just forward ofgate 144, the control system lowers elevator 40 so that the charge stackis free of the pusher unit, as indicated at 158 in FIG. 9. Pusher arm122 then drops downwardly by gravity and the action of spring 132 to theposition of FIG. 6, and motor 110 is energized. This traverses pusherunit 42 forward so that pusher arm 122 engages stack 160 and moves itforward to clear the gauge clamps, as shown in FIG. 9. Following thisthe pusher unit is returned to its rearward position of FIG. 3 and theelevator raises the stack for the next infeed charge. The controls nowoperate tral control system. The central control signals motor tooperate at a rapid initial velocity maintained during most of the travelfor machine efficiency, and a slow final velocity to bring the stack toa stop without sliding beyond the preselected location.

GAUGE UNIT 16 Referring to FIGS, 3, 8 and 9 gauge unit 16 comprises agauge table 162 for supporting panel stack 160, gauge clamps 164 forclamping the stack, and clamp carriage 166 for moving the clamped stackalong the gauge table in relation to saw unit 18.

Gauge table 162 comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending plates168 having downwardly extending side flanges 170, 172 spaced apart todefine a slot or channel through which respective gauge clamps 164traverse to and from the saw unit. Plates 168 are mounted at theirrearward end by suitable means such as frame 174, and at their forwardend on saw unit 18.

Gauge carriage 166 comprises a carriage frame 176, FIGS. 3 and 8,supported at either side by pairs of wheels 178, mounted in suitableanti-friction bearings. The'wheels are guided on a track 182 mounted onthe top of a beam 184 mounted lengthwise between frame 174 and saw unit18.

Carriage 166 is driven along the rails by means of a conventionalhydraulic servo-type motor 186 to provide accurate positioning of thecarriage, and thus the clamps and stack, with respect to the sawlocation. This eliminates any gauging error which might be produced bybacklash in the transmission. Motor 186 powers the carriage through asuitable drive connection, which may include connector 188, worm gearreducer 190, connectors 192, 194, shafts 196, 198, and pinion gears200,202 which drivingly engage racks 204,206 mounted on the inside ofbeams 184. The control system directs a given distance command orsignal, depending on the desired gauging displacement of carriage 166,into motor 186 which turns a predetermined number of revolutions todrive the carriage through the rack and pinion arrangement.

Deceleration of the load is such that the stack is pushed to a stop byservo motor 186 so that the stack can be accurately positioned relativeto the saw. Otherwise the stack could coast beyond the desired sawlocation. At the same time, any slack in the carriage drive train iscontinually taken up so that such slack does not affect gauging.

The diagram of FIG. 28 illustrates the construction and operatingcontrol system for servo motor 186, and it is understood that servomotor 460 for gauge unit 24 is similar in construction and operation.These motors can be either digital or analog hydraulic servo motors. Oneexample would be an electrohydraulic pulse motor in which each step ofits electric motor is followed by a step of the hydraulic motor outputshaft connected with the transmission to drive load 159, which wouldinclude the stack.

The high speed electric stepping motor 161 follows the input commandpulses or signals originating from the control system at 163 to drivereduction gear train 165. This gear train reduces the rotation of motor161 i to a fixed angle per signal, and in turn operates fourway pilotvalve 167, consisting of a rotary-linear spool and sleeve. Valve 167controls fluid flow from hydraulic power supply 169 into axial typefixed-displacement hydraulic motor 171 proportional to the relativedeviation of spool and sleeve. The rotating speed of motor 171 isproportional to the flow rate from the valve, with mechanical feedback173 provided through a nut fixed to the motor shaft and a screw fixed tothe valve spool reducing relative deviation between the spool andsleeve.

The graph of FIG. 29 illustrates the operation of the servo motors, withstack velocity indicated as a function of unit distance along the gaugetable. Assuming that the stack load is moving along the gauge table bythe gauge carriage, there is a normal drag as a result of slidingfriction on the table. If the driving force were completely removed-theload would come to a stop following the curve indicated at 175, as anexample. With applicants invention the control system of FIG. 28 isadjustable as to initial velocity 177 and final velocity 179, with aprecalculated exponential fixed rate change 181 decelerating the loadwhile maintaining a driving force, instead of removing it as in a freelysliding stop. When the load reaches velocity 179, which is at a very lowvalue, the driving force is then removed and the small amount of kineticenergy remaining within the ertial forces of the stack, gauge clamp andcarriage,

and the driving force of motor 186 so that the energy input is alwaysgreater than the kinetic energy during a freely sliding stop. Thisinsures that the stack is decelerated to and does not slide, beyond, thedesired locatron.

Each of the identical gauge clamp 164 is secured to carriage 166 bymeans of a lateral support 208 integral with and forming the forwardsupport for the carriage. Each gauge clamp is mounted on the carriage ina floating arrangement best illustrated in FIG. 24 showing thearrangement for gauge clamp 210 of gauge unit 24 on the X axis.

Each of the gauge units 16 and 24 are of substantially identicalconstruction with identical gauge carriages, tables and clamps. FIG. 24illustrates a modification for the X axis gauge clamp in which a doubleextension actuator is provided for alignment purposes, as willsubsequently be explained. Except where parts may differ, identical referencenumerals refer to corresponding parts for the two gauge units in allviews.

Each gauge clamp 164, 210 comprises a caliper clamp type arrangementhaving a pair of laterally spaced-apart lower jaws 212 and a singleupper jaw 214 vertically movable from its lowered, nestled positionbetween the lower jaws (FIG. 3) and to its upper, extended position(FIGS. 8, 10 and 24). Lower jaws 212 are supported at their forward endby cross brace 216, and a slot 218 is provided in the upper jaw to clearthis support when lowered. Each of the lower jaws 212 has a rear supportor extension 220. The upper jaw has a rearward support or extension222'mounted for vertical sliding movement between supports 220 by meansof a pair of mutually facing channel members 224, 226 secured togetherby suitable fasteners, such as bolts 228, 230.

Vertical movement of upper jaw 214 is effected through operation ofdouble-acting actuators 232 (Y axis) and 233 (X axis), which preferablyare air operated, although they could be hydraulic rams or the like.

The actuators are connected at one end to upper jaw extension 222 at 234and at their lower end to a bracket 244 secured to four downwardlyextending supports 236, 238, 240, 242 bolted to lower jaw supports 220.

For clamp 164 on the Y axis actuator 232 preferably comprises a singleair cylinder 246 secured at one end to support 244 and with the upperend of its rod secured to jaw support 222. In the modification of FIG.24 for clamp 210 on the X axis actuator 233 comprises a pair of aircylinders 248, 250. Cylinder 248 is connected at one end to support 244,as above, and with cylinder 250 connected to jaw support 222 with itsrod secured to the rod of cylinder 248 at connection 252.

The function of the double ram modification is explained hereinafter inconnection with FIG. 17.

The entire gauge clamp is arranged to float with respect to the carriagethrough a sliding connection 254, shown in FIG. 25. This comprises apair of brackets 256, 258 secured to carriage support 208 by suitablemeans such as bolts 260 and bracket 262. Pairs of vertically alignedelongated slots- 264 are formed in each bracket 256, 258. The clamps areslidably mounted within the slots by means of bushings 266 and spacers268 mounted on bolts 230. Tension springs 270 mounted at one end toclamp support 240 and at their other end to carriage support 208 urgethe gauge clamps uwpardly in the slots with respect to the carriage andthereby support a part of the weight of the clamps and actuators.

With the clamps arranged to float in this manner the weight of thecarriage is not added to the weight of the stack, and at the same timethis. prevents the upper clamp from applying any clamping force betweenthe gauge table and stack. Part of the clamp weight is carried by thestack, with the remainder carried by the springs. Where only a few,light sheets are being gagued this added clamp weight will insuresufficient frictional drag to stop the stack in accordance with thepreset program of the control system.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and9 the gauge clamp is illustrated with cylinder246 retracted so that upper clamp 214 is nestled between lower clamps212, both of which thus have their top edges substantially flush withgauge table 162. With gauge unit 16 in its maximum rearward positionstack 160 is slid on the'table by the pusher unit forward over theclamps to a position clearing the clamp forward edges, as illustrated inFIG. 9. Following this the pusher unit is moved rearwardly for its nextcycle and the control circuit then actuates cylinder 246 to extend jaw124 upwardly its maximum travel, servo motor 186 is actuated to movegauge carriage 166 forwardly until the clamp jaws overlap the rearwardedge ofstack 160, the carriage is stopped, and ram 246 retracted so thatthe jaws clamp the stack,

I as illustrated in FIG. 10. Overlapping of the jaws on the The clampingforce is precalculated to insure against relative sliding of the panelsfor the slickest material which will be handled. This clamping force iscoordinated with the inertial forcesand the coefficient of frictionbetween the panels for such material so that when the stack isdecelerated to a stop no relative sliding of the panels occurs. It isimportant to prevent panel sliding for accurate gauging of the panelwidth and to insure that the cuts are square.

Although it is old to clamp stacked material for cutting, withapplicants novel invention the entire stack is clamped and movedaccurately relative to the saw as the method of gauging the rip andcut-off dimensions. This is accomplished by establishing a bench mark orreference line on the stack through means of the clamps and thenaccurately moving this reference line relative to the saw for eachcutting operation.

The gauging operation by means of establishing such reference line isillustrated in FIG. 10. With stacked sheets 160 resting on table 162 andtightly gripped between the clamp jaws a reference line 272 isestablished in a position fixed with respect to the stacked panels.Although reference line 272 is indicated as aligned with a forward edgeof upper jaw 214, the line could be located at other positions relativeto the clamps with corresponding adjustments made in the controlcircuitry for gauging, as long as this reference line remains fixedafter the parameters of the control operation are determined.

With the known, fixed reference line 272 established relative to thestack, and with the exact position of this reference line relative tosaw location 274 known, the exact distance a between the two is alsoknown and sensed by the control system. The leading edge of the stack atthis time is indicated by the dotted line at 276, FIG. 10.

The control system is now ready to initiate cycling of gauging for thefirst rip cut, which usually would be to trim the leading edge. Thecontrol circuit signals servo motor 186 to turn a predetermined numberof revolutions and move gauge carriage 166 forward until reference line272 reaches distance b from saw position 274. At this time the upper jawis at the position indicated at 214' while the leading edge of the stackoverlaps the saw at 276 for trimming. Next, the control circuit signalshold-downs 19 and saw unit 18 to operate through their cycles and make afirst rip cut. After this gauge unit 16 cycles through one or moresubsequent gauging operations to move the stack forwardly for furtherrip cuts which separate the stack into one or more sections havingaccurately dimensioned and squared rip edges.

At the completion of the last rip out just forward of upper jaw 214pressure on the gauge clamps is released to free tail material 278, andthe gauge carriage is moved backwards to the position of FIG. 9.

The leading trim portion at 276 and each of the panel sections cut bythe machine are moved forward onto rip run-out as the gauge unit indexesthe stack for each following cutting operation. Stack tail material 278,released by the clamps, is moved forward onto rip run-out 20 by thesubsequent stack being pushed forward for its trimming operation.

During gauging the predetermined distance which the control circuitmoves the reference line 272 includes the kerf or width of saw cut madeby the previous sawing operation. Thus, if it is desired to cut a panelof given width, then the control circuit would index the reference lineforward this width plus the saw kerf width 280, which information isprecalculated and fed into the control circuit.

After a saw blade is sharpened the new kerf cut by the blade is narrowerthan before. To compensate for this, information on the number of timesthe blade has been sharpened is fed into the control circuit so that thekerf compensating distance added to desired panel width for each gaugingoperation can be varied accordingly. For example, if a new blade is tobe sharpened twice in use then three different kerf widths would be setinto the control system, one each for sawing with a given bladecondition.

SAW UNITS 18 AND 26 Referring to FIGS. 11 and 14 rip saw unit 18 isillustrated, and it is understood that cross-cut saw unit 26 issubstantially identical in construction and operation.

Saw unit 18 comprises a frame 282 supporting a pair of laterallyextending rails 284, which may be elongated rods mounted on a pluralityof cushion blocks 286, the positioning of which is illustrated in FIG.23 for cross-cut saw unit 26. A saw carriage 288 is mounted for slidingmovement on the rails by means of four bearing blocks 289. An arborhousing 290 is pivotally mounted on the carriage at 292 and anextensible actuator 294, preferably an air operated cylinder, is mountedon the carriage to pivot the arbor housing between the raised positionof FIG. 11 and its lower position.

A circular saw blade 296 is rotatably mounted on housing 290 by means ofarbor 298. Housing 290 mounts a saw motor 300, preferably an electricmotor, which powers the saw through drive train 302.

Saw carriage 288 traverses along the rails by means of the preferredreversible hydraulic motor304, illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 14, mountedon frame 282. This motor is drivingly connected to the carriage by meansof drive train 306, preferably of the chain-link type, secured at eachend to the carriage and trained over idler pulley 308 on frame 282. Thesaw units 18 and 26 traverse across their respective Y and X axesunderneath the gauge tables to cut the stack from below. With motor 300running, actuator 294 is extended so that the blade tip clears the topof stack'160. With holddown 19 pressing the stack against the table,traversing motor 304 is then actuated to draw the saw through thematerial. When the saw completes a cut as indicated at 296, the controlsystem retracts actuator 294 to pivot the saw to the position indicatedat 296", and motor 304 is reversed to immedately return the saw to itsstart position, no matter at which location the cut is completed. As thesaw returns in its lower position the blade top clears the lower surfaceof the stack so that stack gauging for the next out can be made withoutinterference from the saw.

The saw control system automatically returns the saw immediately afterthe stack is cut through so that time is not wasted in running the sawto its furthest position without cutting. This would occur where stackwidth is less than maximum for the machine.

The saw control system comprises conventional electric sensing andrelays, not shown, activated no-load the current of saw motor 300. Theserelays are set to close at'a point just above the motor no-load currentdemand to control both air cylinder 294 for raising and lowering thesaw, and traversing motor 304. The relays

1. A machine for cutting accurately dimensioned panels from sheets ofmaterial comprising the combination of means to stack a plurality ofsheets, clamp means for holding the stacked sheets to prevent relativedisplacement of the sheets, a cutting station, means for indexing theclamped stacks along a first axis to the cutting station in incrementsof predetermined distances, cutting means at the cutting station toseparate the stack into sections along a cutting path transverse of thefirst axis, and run-out means adjacent the cutting station to receivescrap material and cut sections from the cutting station, said run-outmeans being operable in a first direction to convey the scrap forremoval and operable in a second direction to convey the sections alonga second axis.
 2. The invention of claim 1 and further including: secondclamping means to hold at least one cut section to prevent relativedisplacement of the sheets; a second cutting station along the secondaxis, means to index the clamped sections along the second axis to thesecond cutting station in increments of predetermined distances; and,means at the second cutting station to cut the sections into finishedpanels transversely of the second axis.
 3. A machine for cuttingaccurately dimensioned panels from sheets of material comprising thecombination of means to stack a plurality of the sheets, clamp means forholding the stack to prevent relative displacement of the sheet, acutting station, means to index the clamped stack along an axis to thecutting station in increments of predetermined distances, cutting meansat the cutting station to separate the stack into sections along acutting patch transverse of the axis, and hold-down means to hold thesheets against displacement on either side of the cutting means alongthe cutting path.
 4. The invention of claim 3 wherein the hold-downmeans includes means to support the stack on one side thereof along thecutting path, and a pair of hold-down members, each member mounted formovement to and from the other side of the stack along a respective sideof the cutting path, and means to control movement of the members tohold the stack against the support means as the cutting means isoperating, and to release the members for indexing movement of the stackafter the cut is made.
 5. In a machine for forming and cuttingaccurately dimensioned panels from sheets of material comprising thecombination of means for positioning a plurality of sheets in a stack,clamping means for gripping a margin of the stack to preclude relativedisplacement of the sheets, means for indexing the stack along a firstaxis, a cutting station on the first axis for cutting the stack along apath lateral of the first axis to separate the stack into sections,gripping means for gripping a margin of at least one cut section topreclude relative displacement of the sheets in a cut stack, means forindexing the cut stack along a second axis disposed at about 90* to thefirst axis, a cutting station on the second axis for cutting the thuscut stack along a path laterally of the second axis to separatE eachsection into panels, guide means adjacent the inner section of the twoaxes including a fence mounted for movement to and from the cut sectionin parallel alignment with respect to the second axis, and means to movethe fence to the sections to create parallel alignment thereof.
 6. Thestructure of claim 5 further characterized in that said last-mentionedmeans is constructed and arranged to move the fence to the section asthey move in the direction of the second axis.
 7. The invention of claim5 wherein the guide means includes at least a four-bar linkage devicehaving a guide fence as one link movable in parallel relationship withthe second axis to align common side edges of the sections with respectto the second axis.
 8. A machine for cutting accurately dimensionedpanels from sheets of material comprising the combination of means forpositioning a plurality of sheets in a stack, gripping means forclamping a marginal edge of the stack to prevent relative displacementof the sheets, means for indexing the stack along an axis, a cuttingstation on the axis, and a cutter mounted for traversing cuttingmovement along a cutting path at right angles to the axis, means totraverse the cutter back and forth along the cutting path, and controlmeans for sensing the cutting of the material to operate the traversingmeans for cutting from an initial position and constructed to return thecutter along the cutting path to the initial position when the cutterfinishes a cut through the stack without completing its full travelacross the axis.
 9. The invention of claim 8 and further characterizedin that the cutting means includes means to move the cutter away fromcutting relationship with the material during return traversing of thecutter to permit simultaneous indexing of the stack for subsequentcutting thereof.
 10. In a machine for cutting accurately dimensionedpanels from sheets of material comprising the combination of means forpositioning a plurality of sheets in a stack, means for gripping amargin of the stack to preclude relative displacement of the sheets inthe stack, means for indexing the stack along an axis to a cuttingstation, the gripping means including a plurality of clamps laterallyspaced across the axis, each clamp including upper and lower jaw meansadapted to grip the marginal edge of the stack, and separate power meansfor operating at least one jaw of each gripping means so that thegripping means may be operated independently of each other, allowingsome to be operative and others to be deenergized dependng upon thewidth of the particular stack to be cut.
 11. The invention of claim 10and further including a gauge table for supporting the stack prior toand during clamping, said jaw means being disposed below the table priorto clamping to clear the stack, and means to operate the jaw means abovethe table and stack for said clamping.
 12. The invention of claim 10wherein second clamping means comprises upper and lower jaw means, theupper jaw means movable in relationship to the lower jaw means to griprespective top and bottom portions of the cut sections, the upper jawmeans having a nose portion, and control means for moving the upper jawmeans from a retracted position to an intermediate position with itsnose portion in abutting relationship with cut section end surfaces, andto a raised position vertically clearing the upper sheet of the cutsections, the control means further moving the clamping means along thesecond axis for nudging the end surfaces into alignment with the uppernose portion in said intermediate position, and operable to move theclamping means further forward along the second axis with the upper jawmeans in said raised position into overlapping clamping relationshipwith the trailing edge of said cut sections.
 13. For use in a panelcutting machine in which sheets of material are cut along a pathtransversely of a gauging axis of the machine, comprising thecombination of: a carriage; a cutter blade rotatably mounted on thecarriage; means to traverse the carriage back and forth across the gaugeaxis to move the blade in its path; means on the carriage to drive thecutter blade; and, control means to simultaneously operate the cuttermotor and traverse the carriage along the path for cutting, and toreturn the carriage to its initial position when the cut is completed.14. The invention of claim 13 and further including: an arbor housingpivotally connected at one end to the carriage, with the blade rotatablymounted on the other end of the housing; actuating means on the carriageoperatively connected with the housing to pivot the blade to a materialengaging position and to a retracted position clear-ing the material;and, the control means operating the actuator to retract the bladeduring return of the carriage to permit indexing of the stack passed theblade.
 15. The invention of claim 13 and further including means tomount the carriage for movement along the cutting path; a reversiblemotor mounted in driving engagement with the carriage to traverse thesame along the path; and, control means sensing cutting of the materialto drive the carriage motor at a preselected speed as a function of loadduring cutting, and to reverse the motor for returning the blade at amaximum speed after the cut is completed.
 16. The invention of claim 13and further characterized in that the control means sensing cutting ofthe material operates the motor to return the cutter to its initialposition immediately upon completing a cut.
 17. The structure of claim13 further characterized by and including means for sensing the load onthe cutter and constructed so that as soon as the cutter completes itscut of the stack of sheets and the load goes off of the cutter blade,movement of the carriage will be reversed to return it to its initialposition and, at the same time, the cutter blade will be moved out ofthe path of the just cut panel so that the new surfaces will not befrayed by the returning cutter blade.